Segmental scripts List of writing systems

1 segmental scripts

1.1 abjads
1.2 true alphabets

1.2.1 linear nonfeatural alphabets
1.2.2 featural linear alphabets
1.2.3 linear alphabets arranged syllabic blocks
1.2.4 manual alphabets
1.2.5 other non-linear alphabets


1.3 abugidas

1.3.1 abugidas of brāhmī family
1.3.2 other abugidas
1.3.3 final consonant-diacritic abugidas
1.3.4 vowel-based abugidas

segmental scripts

a segmental script has graphemes represent phonemes (basic unit of sound) of language.

note there need not (and is) one-to-one correspondence between graphemes of script , phonemes of language. phoneme may represented combination or string of graphemes, same phoneme may represented more 1 distinct grapheme, same grapheme may stand more 1 phoneme, or combination of of above.

segmental scripts may further divided according types of phonemes typically record:

abjads

an abjad segmental script containing symbols consonants only, or vowels optionally written diacritics ( pointing ) or written word-initially.

aramaic
arabic – arabic, azeri, punjabi, baluchi, kashmiri, pashto, persian, kurdish (vowels obligatory), sindhi, uighur (vowels obligatory), urdu, , languages of many other peoples of near east
hebrew – hebrew, yiddish, , other jewish languages
jawi – arabic, malay
manichaean script
nabataean – nabataeans of petra
pahlavi script – middle persian

parthian
psalter


phoenician – phoenician , other canaanite languages
proto-canaanite
sabaean

south arabian – sabaean, qatabanic, himyaritic, , hadhramautic


sogdian
samaritan (old hebrew) – aramaic, arabic, , hebrew
syriac – assyrian neo-aramaic, chaldean neo-aramaic, syriac, turoyo , other neo-aramaic languages
tifinagh – tuareg
ugaritic – ugaritic, hurrian

true alphabets

a true alphabet contains separate letters (not diacritic marks) both consonants , vowels.

linear nonfeatural alphabets

writing systems used in countries of europe.

linear alphabets composed of lines on surface, such ink on paper.

adlam – fula
armenian – armenian
avestan alphabet – avestan
beitha kukju – albanian
borama – somali
carian – carian
caucasian albanian alphabet – old udi language
coorgi–cox alphabet – kodava
coptic – egyptian
cyrillic – eastern slavic languages (belarusian, russian, ukrainian), eastern south slavic languages (bulgarian, macedonian, serbian), other languages of russia, kazakh language, kyrgyz language, tajik language, mongolian language. azerbaijani, turkmen, , uzbek officially written in latin (in respective countries) have considerable number of users writing in cyrillic. see languages using cyrillic.
eclectic shorthand
elbasan – albanian
fraser – lisu
gabelsberger shorthand
georgian – georgian , other kartvelian languages
glagolitic – old church slavonic
gothic – gothic
greek – greek
international phonetic alphabet
kaddare – somali
latin aka roman – latin language; current western , central european languages, turkic languages, sub-saharan african languages, indigenous languages of americas, languages of maritime southeast asia , languages of oceania use developments of it. languages using non-latin writing system equipped romanization transliteration or secondary use.
manchu – manchu
mandaic – mandaic dialect of aramaic
mongolian – mongolian
neo-tifinagh – tamazight
n ko – maninka language, bambara, dyula language
ogham (irish pronunciation: [oːm]) – gaelic, britannic, pictish
old hungarian (in hungarian magyar rovásírás or székely-magyar rovásírás) – hungarian
old italic – family of connected alphabets etruscan, oscan, umbrian, messapian, south picene, raetic, venetic, lepontic, camunic languages
old permic (also called abur) – komi
old turkic – turkic
old uyghur alphabet – uyghur
osmanya – somali
runic alphabet – germanic languages
ol cemet  – santali
tai lue – lue
uyghur arabic alphabet – uyghur
vah  – bassa
zaghawa  – zaghawa

featural linear alphabets

a featural script has elements indicate components of articulation, such bilabial consonants, fricatives, or vowels. scripts differ in how many features indicate.

gregg shorthand
hangul – korean
osage  – osage
physioalphabet (a physiological alphabet)
shavian alphabet
tengwar (a fictional script)
visible speech (a phonetic script)
stokoe notation american sign language
signwriting sign languages
isibheqe sohlamvu southern bantu languages

linear alphabets arranged syllabic blocks

hangul – korean
great lakes algonquian syllabics – fox, potawatomi, ho-chunk, ojibwe
isibheqe sohlamvu – southern bantu languages

manual alphabets

manual alphabets found parts of sign languages. not used writing per se, spelling out words while signing.

american manual alphabet (used slight modification in hong kong, malaysia, paraguay, philippines, singapore, taiwan, thailand)
british manual alphabet (used in of commonwealth of nations, such australia , new zealand)
catalan manual alphabet
chilean manual alphabet
chinese manual alphabet
dutch manual alphabet
ethiopian manual alphabet (an abugida)
french manual alphabet
greek manual alphabet
icelandic manual alphabet (also used in denmark)
indian manual alphabet (a true alphabet?; used in devanagari , gujarati areas)
international manual alphabet (used in germany, austria, norway, finland)
iranian manual alphabet (an abjad; used in egypt)
israeli manual alphabet (an abjad)
italian manual alphabet
korean manual alphabet
latin american manual alphabets
polish manual alphabet
portuguese manual alphabet
romanian manual alphabet
russian manual alphabet (also used in bulgaria , ex-soviet states)
spanish manual alphabet (madrid)
swedish manual alphabet
yugoslav manual alphabet

other non-linear alphabets

these other alphabets composed of other lines on surface.

braille (unified) – embossed alphabet visually impaired, used letters transcribe latin, cyrillic, greek, hebrew, , arabic alphabets, chinese
braille (korean)
braille (american) (defunct)
new york point – defunct alternative braille
international maritime signal flags (both alphabetic , ideographic)
morse code (international) – trinary code of dashes, dots, , silence, whether transmitted electricity, light, or sound) representing characters in latin alphabet.
american morse code (defunct)
optical telegraphy (defunct)
flag semaphore – (made moving hand-held flags)

abugidas

an abugida, or alphasyllabary, segmental script in vowel sounds denoted diacritical marks or other systematic modification of consonants. generally, however, if single letter understood have inherent unwritten vowel, , vowels other written, system classified abugida regardless of whether vowels diacritics or full letters. vast majority of abugidas found india southeast asia , belong historically brāhmī family, term derived first characters of abugida in ge ez: አ (a) ቡ (bu) ጊ (gi) ዳ (da) — (compare alphabet). unlike abjads, diacritical marks , systemic modifications of consonants not optional.

abugidas of brāhmī family

a palaung manuscript written in brahmic abugida



ahom
brahmi – sanskrit, prakrit,
balinese
batak – toba , other batak languages
baybayin – formerly used ilokano, kapampangan, pangasinan, tagalog, bikol languages, visayan languages, , possibly other philippine languages
bengali-assamese - sanskrit, bengali, assamese, meithei, bishnupriya manipuri, khasi, sylheti, kokborok , hajong , formerly bodo, karbi , mising
bhaiksuki
buhid
burmese – burmese, karen, pwo, mon, , shan
cham
chakma
dehong – dehong dai
devanagari – hindi, sanskrit, marathi, nepali, , many other languages of northern india
dhives akuru
grantha- sanskrit
gujarati – gujarati, kutchi, vasavi, sanskrit, avestan
gurmukhi script – punjabi
hanuno’o
javanese
kaithi
kannada – kannada, tulu, konkani, kodava
kawi
khojki
khotanese
khudawadi
khmer
lao
lepcha
leke – eastern pwo, western pwo, , karen
limbu
lontara’ – buginese, makassar, , mandar
mahajani
malayalam
marchen - zhang-zhung
meetei mayek
modi – marathi
multani – saraiki
nandinagari – sanskrit
newar – nepal bhasa, sanskrit
new tai lue
odia
phags-pa – mongolian, chinese, , other languages of yuan dynasty mongol empire
ranjana – nepal bhasa, sanskrit
rejang
sharada - sanskrit
siddham -used write sanskrit
sinhala
sourashtra
soyombo
sundanese
syloti nagri – sylheti
tagbanwa – languages of palawan
tai le
tai dam
tai tham – khün, , northern thai
takri
tamil
telugu
thai
tibetan
tigalari  – sanskrit, tulu
tirhuta  – maithili
tocharian
vatteluttu
zanabazar square
zhang zhung scripts

other abugidas

canadian aboriginal syllabics – cree syllabics (for cree), inuktitut syllabics (for inuktitut), , other variants ojibwe, carrier, blackfoot, , other languages of canada
ethiopic – amharic, ge’ez, tigrigna
kharoṣṭhī – gandhari, sanskrit
mandombe
meroitic – meroë
mwangwego
pitman shorthand
pollard script – miao
thaana – dhivehi
thomas natural shorthand

final consonant-diacritic abugidas

in @ least 1 abugida, not vowel syllable-final consonant written diacritic. is, representing [o] under-ring, , final [k] over-cross, [sok] written s̥̽.

róng – lepcha

vowel-based abugidas

in few abugidas, vowels basic, , consonants secondary. if no consonant written in pahawh hmong, understood /k/; consonants written after vowel precede in speech. in japanese braille, vowels not consonants have independent status, , vowels modified when consonant y or w.

boyd s syllabic shorthand
japanese braille – japanese
pahawh hmong – hmong

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