Darśana (philosophy) - central concerns Advaita Vedanta

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advaita subschool of vedanta, latter being 1 of 6 classical hindu darśanas. it, these philosophies, has integrated body of textual interpretations , religious practices hinduism considers 4 proper aims of life: virtue (dharma), material prosperity (artha), desire (kama) , fourth , final aim being moksha, spiritual liberation or release cycles of rebirth (samsara). traditional advaita vedanta centers on study of sruti principal upanishads, along brahma sutras , bhagavad gita.


within vedanta tradition of hinduism many sub-schools, of advaita one. unlike buddhism, jainism, vedanta schools consider existence of atman (real self, soul) self evident. vedanta tradition posits concept of brahman eternal, unchanging metaphysical reality. sub-schools of vedanta disagree on relation between atman , brahman. advaita darsana considers them identical.


advaita vedanta believes knowledge of 1 s true self or atman liberating. along self-knowledge, teaches moksha can achieved correct understanding of 1 s true identity Ātman, dispassionate , unmoveable observer, , identity of Ātman , brahman.


the process of acquiring knowledge entails realising one’s true self, atman, same brahman. achieved through sankara refers anubhava, immediate intuition. sankara contends direct awareness construction-free, , not construction-filled. self knowledge is, therefore, not seen awareness of brahman, instead awareness brahman, since 1 transcend form of duality in state of consciousness.


correct knowledge, destroys avidya, psychological , perceptual errors related atman , brahman, obtained through 3 stages of practice, sravana (hearing), manana (thinking) , nididhyasana (meditation).


the vedanta tradition of hinduism rejects dualism of samkhya. samkhya school of hindu thought proposes 2 metaphysical realities, namely purusha (spirit) , prakriti (inert primal matter), states purusha efficient cause of existence while prakriti material cause. advaita, vedanta schools, states brahman both efficient , material cause, origination, subsistence, , dissolution of universe proceed. created existence present in , reflected in beings , inert matter, creative principle , everywhere, always. brahman postulates sat-cit-ananda (truth-consciousness-bliss). accepting postulation, various theoretical difficulties arise advaita , other vedanta traditions offer different answers for: first, how did sat brahman without distinction become manifold universe? second, how did cit brahman create material world? third, if ananda brahman pure bliss, why did empirical world of sufferings arise? these questions advaita vedanta thinkers have historically attempted answer, did non-advaita schools of hinduism.


advaita establishes truths, in part, oldest principal upanishads (sruti), brahma sutras, bhagavad gita , numerous other hindu texts. reason used support revelation, sruti, ultimate source of truth. reason clarifies truth , removes objections, according advaita school, believes pure logic cannot lead philosophical truths , experience , meditative insights do. sruti, believes collection of experience , meditative insights liberating knowledge. advaita literature provide criticism of opposing systems, including dualistic school of hinduism, non-hindu philosophies such buddhism.





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