Theory Insular biogeography

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this diagram shows effect of island’s distance mainland on amount of species richness. sizes of 2 islands approximately same. island 1 receives more random dispersion of organisms, while island number two, since farther away, receives less random dispersion of organisms.



this diagram shows effect of island’s size on amount of species richness. diagram shows 2 islands equidistant mainland. island 1 receives less random dispersion of organisms. while island 2 receives more of arrows , therefore more random dispersion of organisms.


modifications

in addition having effect on immigration rates, isolation can affect extinction rates. populations on islands less isolated less go extinct because individuals source population , other islands can immigrate , rescue population extinction; known rescue effect.


in addition having effect on extinction, island size can affect immigration rates. species may actively target larger islands greater number of resources , available niches; or, larger islands may accumulate more species chance because larger. target effect.


influencing factors

total number of reptilian , amphibian species on 7 small , large islands in west indies



degree of isolation (distance nearest neighbour, , mainland)
length of isolation (time)
size of island (larger area facilitates greater diversity)
the habitat suitability includes:

climate (tropical versus arctic, humid versus arid, etc.)
initial plant , animal composition if attached larger land mass (e.g. marsupials, primates)
the current species composition


location relative ocean currents (influences nutrient, fish, bird, , seed flow patterns)
serendipity (the impacts of chance arrivals)
human activity






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