Kingdom of Granada Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain

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the kingdom of granada (red) within crown of castile (solid black borders).


initial efforts @ forcing conversions of spanish muslims started cardinal cisneros, archbishop of toledo, arrived in granada in autumn of 1499. in contrast granada s own archbishop hernando de talavera, had friendly relations muslim population , relied on peaceful approach towards conversions, cisneros adopted harsh , authoritarian measures. sent uncooperative muslims, noblemen, prison treated severely (including reports of torture) until converted. cisneros ignored warnings council these methods might violate treaty of granada, guaranteed muslims freedom of religion. instead, intensified efforts, , in december wrote pope alexander vi converted 3,000 muslims in single day.


the forced conversions led series of rebellions, started in city of granada. uprising precipitated riotous murder of constable had been transporting muslim woman interrogation through muslim quarter of granada; ended negotiations, after muslims laid down weapons , handed on responsible murder of constable. subsequently, cisneros convinced king ferdinand , queen isabella attempting rebellion, muslims lost rights in treaty, , must accept conversions. monarchs sent cisneros granada preside on renewed conversion campaign. muslims in city forcibly converted in large numbers – 60,000 according pope, in letter cisneros in march 1500. cisneros declared in january 1500 there no 1 in city not christian.


although city of granada under christian control, uprising spread granadan countryside. leader of rebellion fled alpujarra mountains in january 1500. fearing forced convert, population there rose in insurrection. however, after series of campaigns in 1500–01 in 80,000 christian troops mobilized , king ferdinand directed operations, rebellion defeated. terms of surrender of defeated rebels required them accept baptism. 1501, not single unconverted muslim remained in granada.








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