Management cybernetics Stafford Beer

sketch cybernetic factory, 1959

according jackson (2000) beer first apply cybernetics management, defining cybernetics science of effective organization . in 1960s , 1970s beer prolific writer , influential practitioner in management cybernetics. during period developed viable system model, diagnose faults in existing organizational system. in time forrester invented systems dynamics, held out promise behavior of whole systems represented , understood through modeling dynamical feedback process going on within them .