Crypto-Islam Forced conversions of Muslims in Spain

a passage works of young man of arévalo, crypto-muslim writer in sixteenth century.

for not emigrate, conversion option survive. however, forcible converts , descendants (known moriscos ) continued practice islam in secret. according harvey, abundant, overwhelming evidence indicated forcible converts secret muslims. historical evidence such muslims writings , inquisition records corroborated former s retained religious beliefs. generations of moriscos born , died within religious climate. however, newly converted pressured conform outwardly christianity, such attending mass or consuming food , drink forbidden in islam. situation led non-traditional form of islam in 1 s internal intention (niyya), rather external observation of rituals , laws, defining characteristic of 1 s faith. hybrid or undefined religious practice featured in many morisco texts: example, works of morisco writer young man of arévalo 1530s described crypto-muslims using christian worship replacement regular islamic rituals. wrote practice of secret congregational ritual prayer (salat jama ah), collecting alms in order perform pilgrimage mecca (although unclear whether journey achieved), , determination , hope among secret muslims reinstitute full practice of islam possible.

oran fatwa

the oran fatwa fatwa (an islamic legal opinion) issued in 1504 address crisis of 1501–1502 forced conversions in castile. issued north african maliki scholar ahmad ibn abi jum ah , set out detailed relaxations of sharia (islamic law) requirements, allowing muslims conform outwardly christianity , perform acts ordinarily forbidden when necessary survive. fatwa included less stringent instructions performance of ritual prayers, ritual charity, , ritual ablution; told muslims how act when obliged violate islamic law, such worshiping christians, performing blasphemy, or consuming pork , wine. fatwa enjoyed wide currency among converted muslims , descendants, , 1 of surviving aljamiado translations dated 1564, 60 years after original fatwa issued. harvey called key theological document study of spanish islam following forced conversions expulsion of moriscos, description islamic studies scholar devin stewart repeated.