Pre-Shankara Advaita Vedanta Advaita Vedanta

1 pre-shankara advaita vedanta

1.1 earliest vedanta - upanishads , brahma sutras
1.2 bādarāyana s brahma sutras
1.3 between brahma sutras , shankara

pre-shankara advaita vedanta

of vedanta-school before composition of brahma sutras (400–450 ce), wrote nakamura in 1950, nothing known. 2 advaita writings of pre-shankara period, known scholars such nakamura in first half of 20th-century, vākyapadīya, written bhartṛhari (second half 5th century), , māndūkya-kārikā written gaudapada (7th century ce).

scholarship after 1950 suggests sannyasa upanishads have strong advaita vedanta outlook. 6 of these sannyasa upanishads – aruni, kundika, kathashruti, paramahamsa, jabala , brahma – composed before 3rd-century ce, in centuries before or after start of common era, states sprockhoff; asrama upanishad dated 3rd-century.

the strong advaita vedanta views in these ancient texts may be, states patrick olivelle, because major hindu monasteries of period (early 1st millennium ce) belonged advaita vedanta tradition.

earliest vedanta - upanishads , brahma sutras

the upanishads form basic texts, of vedanta gives interpretation. upanishads not contain rigorous philosophical inquiry identifying doctrines , formulating supporting arguments . philosophical inquiry performed darsanas, various philosophical schools.

bādarāyana s brahma sutras

the brahma sutras of bādarāyana, called vedanta sutra, compiled in present form around 400–450 ce, great part of sutra must have been in existence earlier . estimates of date of bādarāyana s lifetime differ between 200 bce , 200 ce.

the brahma sutra critical study of teachings of upanishads. , guide-book great teachers of vedantic systems. bādarāyana not first person systematise teachings of upanishads. refers 7 vedantic teachers before him:

from way in bādarāyana cites views of others obvious teachings of upanishads must have been analyzed , interpreted quite few before him , systematization of them in 555 sutras arranged in 4 chapters must have been last attempt, best.

between brahma sutras , shankara

according nakamura, there must have been enormous number of other writings turned out in period, unfortunately of them have been scattered or lost , have not come down today . in commentaries, shankara mentions 99 different predecessors of sampradaya. in beginning of commentary on brhadaranyaka upanishad shankara salutes teachers of brahmavidya sampradaya. pre-shankara doctrines , sayings can traced in works of later schools, give insight development of vedanta philosophy.

the names of various important vedanta thinkers have been listed in siddhitraya yamunācārya (c.1050), vedārthasamgraha rāmānuja (c.1050–1157), , yatīndramatadīpikā Śrīnivāsa-dāsa. combined together, @ least fourteen thinkers known have existed between composition of brahman sutras , shankara s lifetime.

although shankara considered founder of advaita vedanta school, according nakamura, comparison of known teachings of these vedantins , shankara s thought shows of characteristics of shankara s thought advocated before Śankara . shankara person synthesized advaita-vāda had existed before him . in synthesis, rejuvenator , defender of ancient learning. unequalled commentator, due efforts , contributions advaita vedanta assumed dominant position within indian philosophy.

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