Product Lifecycle Models Sustainable materials management

1 product lifecycle models

1.1 product stewardship
1.2 circular economy
1.3 cradle-to-cradle
1.4 closed loop recycling

product lifecycle models

there several similar , overlapping efforts define , conceptualize closed loop lifecycle of product , materials management, many of these efforts being spearheaded government agencies, entrepreneurs, scientists , non-governmental organizations. while similar smm, these product lifecycle models focus largely on end-of-life management of materials while smm focuses on impacts materials, products , services have on environment such eutrophication, acidification, ozone layer depletion, global warming , aquatic toxicity energy , water use.

product stewardship

the product stewardship institute defines product stewardship as:

act of minimizing health, safety, environmental, , social impacts of product , packaging throughout lifecycle stages, while maximizing economic benefits. manufacturer, or producer, of product has greatest ability minimize adverse impacts, other stakeholders, such suppliers, retailers, , consumers, play role. stewardship can either voluntary or required law .

british columbia (bc) has extensive product stewardship network administered bc recycles , composed of bc producers , brand owners required law collect , divert end-of-life products , packaging.

circular economy

the u.ks waste , resource action programme (wrap) defines circular economy being alternative traditional take, make, waste economy 1 keeps resources in use long possible, extracts maximum value materials while in use, recovers materials generate new products @ end of service life.

the ellen macarthur foundation works accelerate transition circular economy working businesses, academia , governments throughout world develop economy restorative , regenerative design , seeks keep products, components , materials @ highest use , value @ times, distinguishing between biological , technical cycles.

cradle-to-cradle

the dictionary of sustainable management defines cradle-to-cradle as

phrase invented walter r. stahel in 1970s , popularized william mcdonough , michael braungart in 2002 book of same name. framework seeks create production techniques not efficient waste free. in cradle-to-cradle production, material inputs , outputs seen either technical or biological nutrients. technical nutrients can recycled or reused no loss of quality , biological nutrients composted or consumed. contrast cradle-to-grave refers company taking responsibility disposal of goods has produced, not putting products’ constituent components service.

closed loop recycling

in closed loop recycling, material captured @ end of life , introduced manufacturing process make new product