Persecution of Christians Decius

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a byzantine fresco of saint mercurius (a christian victim of decian persecution), dated 1295, ohrid, macedonia


in january 250, decius said have issued 1 of remarkable roman imperial edicts. numerous surviving texts egypt, recording act of sacrifice, appears edict clear:



all inhabitants of empire required sacrifice before magistrates of community safety of empire day (the date vary place place , order may have been sacrifice had completed within specified period after community received edict). when sacrificed obtain certificate (libellus) recording fact had complied order. is, certificate testify sacrificant s loyalty ancestral gods , consumption of sacrificial food , drink names of officials overseeing sacrifice.



according d. s. potter, decius did not try impose superiority of roman pantheon on other gods. probable edict attempt legitimize position , respond general unease provoked passing of roman millennium. while decius himself may have intended edict way reaffirm conservative vision of pax romana , reassure rome s citizens empire still secure, nevertheless sparked terrible crisis of authority various christian bishops , flocks reacted in different ways. measures first taken demanding bishops , officers of church make sacrifice emperor. sacrifice on behalf of (latin pro) emperor, not emperor, since living emperor not considered divine. certificates issued satisfied commissioners during persecution of christians under decius. forty-six such certificates have been published, dating 250, 4 of them oxyrhynchus. anyone, including christian followers, refused offer sacrifice emperor , empire s well-being specified date risked torture , execution. number of prominent christians did, in fact, refuse make sacrifice , killed in process, including pope fabian himself in 250, , anti-christian feeling[s] led pogroms @ carthage , alexandria. in reality, however, towards end of second year of decius reign, ferocity of [anti-christian] persecution had eased off, , earlier tradition of tolerance had begun reassert itself. christian church, despite no indication in surviving texts edict targeted specific group, never forgot reign of decius whom labelled fierce tyrant .


at time, there second outbreak of antonine plague, @ height 251 266, took lives of 5,000 daily in rome. outbreak referred plague of cyprian (the bishop of carthage, both plague , persecution of christians severe). cyprian s biographer pontius gave vivid picture of demoralizing effects of plague , cyprian moralized event in essay de mortalitate. in carthage, decian persecution , unleashed @ onset of plague, sought out christian scapegoats. decius edicts renewed under valerian in 253 , repealed under son, gallienus, in 260-1.








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